The US deployed two aircraft carriers to the Taiwan Straits in a clear warning to China. Within days Australia made a strong but lonely public statement of support for the US deployment. Four months later the Howard Government announced the ''reinvigoration'' of the Australian security alliance with the US. China feels that the new Government in Australia last year shifted to the US, said a leading Chinese strategic thinker, Dr Yan Xuetong, head of the Centre for China's Foreign Policy Studies, at the time. The Chinese interpretation was that Australia had decided to join a US policy of containing China.'' Beijing put Australia into deep diplomatic freeze for almost a year. Howard got the message. He changed China policy dramatically. This is how he phrased it in 1997: Australia and China are very different societies, our histories have been very different, our political systems have been very different, but our relationship has always been at its very best. Each of us has fully understood the depth of those differences yet resolved to work together to capitalise on the areas of mutual benefit and common interest. It is always important in a relationship between two very different societies that you put aside those differences and you focus on those areas of common agreement. It became a briskly business first'' approach. Sometimes it verged on being business only. Howard put human rights issues into a tank called a human rights dialogue, a lower-level dialogue of the deaf, from which they never emerged. Rudd made a dramatic departure from this policy. On his first visit to China as prime minister, he addressed Chinese students in Beijing University in their own language. On Chinese soil, and very deliberately, he said the unspeakable. In April last year he said that while Australia recognised Chinese sovereignty over Tibet, we also believe it Rosetta Stone is necessary to recognise there are significant human rights problems in Tibet. He called for dialogue between China and the Dalai Lama to broker a long-term solution to the administration of Tibet. China protested. Rudd stood firm: ''I think this relationship is broad enough to tolerate disagreement, and on these questions I'll be putting my views forthrightly. Instead of business first or business only, Australia's policy shifted to being business plus values. It became very clear that this was not a one-off when Smith defied China and granted a visa to the exiled Uighur activist Rebiya Kadeer. Smith told Parliament quite forthrightly this week: The Chinese authorities at a range of levels, including my counterpart, Foreign Minister Yang, made very strong representations to Australia about the proposed visit to Australia of Rebiya Kadeer and made representations to us that we should prevent her visit. I considered those representations and came to the conclusion that there was no basis for denying her entry to Australia. China accuses her of being a separatist terrorist. Smith said that exhaustive research showed she was not a terrorist but merely someone with whom China's government disagreed.



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